The
profession of landscape architecture is very much rooted in the European
tradition of garden design, and it didn’t germinate as a distinct profession in
the United States until the 19th century. In
conjunction with the field of urban planning, designers like Frederick Law
Olmsted set out to shape the municipal American landscape alongside garden
designers such as Beatrix Jones Farrand (the niece of the great American
novelist Edith Wharton) and Warren H. Manning.
These designers, among others,
had a hand in designing many of the great estate gardens throughout the
country. Farrand was the only woman among the 11 founding members of the
American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA). In 1899, the group set out to establish landscape architecture as a recognized profession in North America,
develop educational studies in landscape architecture, and provide a voice of
authority in the ‘New Profession'.
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As the
landscape architect Thomas Dolliver Church explains in his book Gardens Are for
People: The Columbian Exposition in 1893 ushered in the greatest wave of
‘copyism’ since England discovered Palladio.…While this resulted in some fine
reproductions of old-world gardens, it proved the hollowness of imitation without
reason. Church, who created some of the most iconic California-style domestic
landscapes of the 20th century, stated that what was needed was for modern to
be revived as an honest word that designers must realize that modernism is
not a goal but a broad highway. This, of course, is true for any medium, but
perhaps particularly so for one that deals so directly with our surrounding
environment and our public spaces.
Today’s
landscape architect or designer must work within a number of social and
climatic parameters. The disappearance of natural and rural space not to
mention environmental imperatives stemming from climate change are shaping the
field dramatically and encouraging practitioners to do more than simply create
aesthetically pleasing landscapes. Most contemporary practices do a combination
of public and private design as well as large-scale restoration and
redevelopment projects.
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No matter the scale, the process always involves
organizing and shaping a landscape for a desired effect and function.
Incorporating elements of spatial division through fencing, planar
manipulation, built-in seating, water features, and hard scaping allows land scape
architects and designers to create more fluid spaces. Today, most trained
practitioners are well versed in sustainable applications and are able to
create environmentally sensitive landscapes through xeri scaping
(drought-tolerant planting), native planting, smart irrigation, and the incorporation
of green roofs.
The profession of landscape architecture is very much rooted in the
European tradition of garden design, and it didn’t germinate as a
distinct profession in the United States until the 19th century. - See
more at:
http://www.dwell.com/design-101/article/introduction-landscape-design#sthahe
profession of landscape architecture is very much rooted in the
European tradition of garden design, and it didn’t germinate as a
distinct profession in the United States until the 19th century.
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